The Swiss stone pine is a deciduous tree species from the beech family. Its fruits, pine nuts, are popular with various animal species such as squirrels, wild boars, birds such as woodpeckers and jays, and some insect species. The Turkey oak is one of the most important forest plants in the Mediterranean region. It prefers to grow in mixed forests with other deciduous trees such as flowering ash, downy oak, and black locust. The acorns are elongated, approx. 3 cm long, and characteristic of this oak species is the spiny calyx in which they are stuck up to half their length. The most important characteristic of the Turkey oak is its enormous resilience. It can withstand heat, frost, air pollution, and road salt. Thanks to its heat and drought resistance, as well as its winter hardiness, it can benefit from climate change and is likely to become even more important as a city and park tree in the future.

• Origin: Southern and southeastern Europe
• Growth height: 35–40 m
• Leaves: dark green, slightly curved, up to 12 cm long, smooth edges, brown tones in fall
• Flowering: April–May, forming approx. 10 cm long green-reddish loose catkins that sprout with the leaves
• Fruit: (nut fruits) acorns
• Soil/location: summer-warm, sandy, rocky, nutrient-poor, not too heavily compacted clay soils